Introduction

Solid waste management is unquestionably an essential service that local governments provide their citizens. They have an important responsibility to make decisions regarding collection services, disposal infrastructure, waste diversion and recycling programs that are cost-effective and respond to their communities’ needs. Even in communities with long-established programs and infrastructure, the management of waste continues to evolve and require informed decisions that take into consideration a complex set of environmental, social, technological, and financial factors. Communities are considering options for processing organic waste and need more detailed, objective technical guidance and reliable information on the available processing technologies.

In recent years, there has been increasing attention to managing the organic fraction of the municipal waste stream. Biodegradable material such as food waste constitutes approximately 40% of the residential waste stream, therefore diversion of organic materials is essential to reach high diversion targets. The environmental benefits of diverting organic materials from landfill include reduced methane emissions (a potent greenhouse gas), and decreased leachate quantities from landfills. From a life-cycle perspective, other benefits, such as the production of valuable compost and renewable energy, can also be derived from the diversion of organic materials from disposal depending on the processing method selected.

Organic waste makes up about 40% of the residential waste in India. Increasingly, municipalities are collecting source-separated organics (SSO) from residences, and a few municipalities collect SSO from selected businesses, such as restaurants, hotels, and grocery stores. One of the most important decisions in planning an organics recovery program is the choice of processing technology that will successfully meet the community’s diversion needs. Some technologies are more suitable than others, depending on the composition and quantities of organic material to be treated.

ESTIMATING THE QUANTITIES OF MSW ORGANICS

Suburb, downtown urban, or rural, where urban areas generate more food waste, and rural areas generate more L&YW and other waste). On average, a common household generates between 150 and 200 kilograms (kg) per person of organic waste annually. In municipalities where there is curbside recycling but no SSO diversion programs, as much as half of the waste sent to landfill can be organic in nature